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Jean-Claude Éloy
Jean-Claude Éloy (born 15 June 1938) is a French composer of instrumental, vocal and electroacoustic music.
==Biography==
Jean-Claude Éloy was born in Mont-Saint-Aignan near Rouen. He studied composition with Darius Milhaud at the Paris Conservatory, where he also was awarded four ''premier prix'', in piano (1957), in chamber music (1958), in counterpoint (1959), and in ondes Martenot (1960). During this same period he attended the Darmstädter Ferienkurse in 1957, 1960, and 1961, where he studied with Henri Pousseur, Hermann Scherchen, Olivier Messiaen, Pierre Boulez, and Karlheinz Stockhausen. In 1961 he also studied with Boulez at the City of Basel Music Academy. In 1966 he joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught until 1968. At Stockhausen's invitation, he spent 1972–73 working at the Studio for Electronic Music (WDR) in Cologne, where he produced ''Shânti'' (revised in 1974), for electronic and concrete sounds, in which he explored timbre and aspects of musical time.
In 1977 and 1978 Éloy spent long periods of time in Japan, realizing one of the high-points in his electronic-music output, the nearly four-hour-long ''Gaku-no-Michi'' (The Dào () of Music), at the Electronic Music Studio of NHK in Tokyo.
In the late 1980s Éloy embarked on a cycle of compositions collectively titled ''Libérations'', focussing on women or the feminine principle, and developed in collaboration with exceptional vocalists such as Junko Ueda, Fátima Miranda, and Yumi Nara. Each work is devoted to one or another feminine figure from mythology, literature, or cultural history, and features female solo voices with instruments and/or electro-acoustics. The first two works of the cycle, ''Sappho Hikètis'' (The Imploring Sappho) and ''Butsumyôe'' (Ceremony of Repentance) were composed in 1989. These were followed in 1990–91 by ''Erkos'' (Hymn of Praise), then by ''Gaia Songs'' (1991–92), and finally ''Galaxies'' (Sigma version 1996). Although the cycle is in principle a "work in progress", after 1996 Eloy stopped composing, due to various problems. As of 2013 it was uncertain whether he would continue this cycle. In 2011 the composer decided to retitle the cycle ''Chant pour l'autre moitié du ciel'' (Singing for the Other Half of the Heavens), subtitled Songs of Loneliness, of Supplication, of Revolt, of Celebrations, or of Prayers.
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